您了解手上拿著的手機嗎？您可能知道它不同的先進規格，但對於要將這部輕巧新穎的手機送到您手上的過程，您認識多少呢？

其實，生產（和棄置）一部智慧型手機的過程十分之複雜。很多時候正是因為缺少了這方面的信息，我們會在不知不覺間促使了在手機生命週期衍生的各種問題比如衝突礦業 惡劣的工作環境 以及電子垃圾污染 等等。

由於電子行業缺乏透明度，很多企業沒有受到要負責任的壓力而去改變各種不公平的現狀，導致這些問題仍然存在。

但有一家公司卻有獨出心裁的想法。Fairphone就是一間致力於解決這種資訊透明度不足和其所衍生的不公平問題的社會企業

Fairphone值得一提的亮點包括:

它是透過眾籌的方法來融資，並且是由用戶和電子維修專家共同參與的設計過程

它是一款模組化手機，用家可以直接從官網訂購零件來進行補修或將部份零件升級

他們向工廠的工人支付維生工資，並為工人設立福利基金全權由工人自己選出的代表來管理

他們以負責任方式採購礦產 同時不斷研究和增加在手機中使用回收物料的比例

通過以下連結可以了解更多關於Fairphone如何重新定義公平在經濟發展中的意義：

資料來源:

“Fairphone: Sustainability from the Inside-Out and Outside-In” by Wernink and Strahl

[Information related to Sustainable Development] Create a Fairer World with a Fairer Phone

How much do you know about your phone? You’d probably know about how many cool specs it has, but what about what it takes to have this sleek and light phone delivered to your hands?

The processes that it takes to produce (and dispose) of a smartphone are very complex. Oftentimes, because there’s so little information available about that, we unknowingly contribute to the many problems along the lifecycle of a smartphone such as conflict minerals poor working conditions and e-waste pollution to name a few.

Because of the lack of transparency in the industry, those problems remain as companies don’t feel pressured to change the unfair status quo.

But one company thinks differently. Fairphone is a social enterprise that aims to address the transparency problem and the unfair processes associated with it

Few highlights of Fairphone:

It’s financed through crowdfunding and designed by involving public participation of users and electronic repair guru

It’s a modular phone that allows the customer to tinker and upgrade – with spare parts that they could directly purchase from the official website

They pay workers in the factory a living wage, plus setting up a welfare fund for workers to be managed by the representatives they elected

They source responsibly mined minerals and continue to increase the use of recycled materials in the phones

Read more about how Fairphone is redefining what fair means in the economy here:

Reference:

“Fairphone: Sustainability from the Inside-Out and Outside-In” by Wernink and Strahl

今天小編想與各位分享出自經濟與和平研究所（Institute for Economics & Peace）的《生態威脅報告2020》（Ecological Threat Register 2020），這份報告衡量了全球各國當前面臨的主要生態威脅並對2050年的全球生態環境進行了預測。

核心發現如下：

全球有141個國家至少面臨一種生態威脅，19個國家面臨四種或更多威脅。

全球有64億人口生活在面臨中度至高度生態威脅的國家。

到2050年，報告所涉的157個國家中有34%可能面臨災難性的缺水問題，22%可能面臨糧食無保障問題。

報告所涉國家中有60%常受洪水的影響，其次是缺水，到2040年時水源匱乏問題將影響43%的國家，特別是中東和北非地區將面臨巨大風險。

撒哈拉以南非洲、南亞、中東和北非是面臨生態威脅最多的地區；且結合全球和平指數，受生態威脅影響最嚴重的19個國家中，有10個國家目前處於動盪狀態。

由於人口增長率低，歐洲和南美洲多數國家將面臨較低程度的生態威脅。

【Sustainable Development Related Report】

Today the editor would like to share with you the “Ecological Threat Register 2020” from the Institute for Economics & Peace. This report measures the major ecological threats that countries around the world currently facing and predicts the global ecological environment in 2050.

The core findings are as follows:

There are 141 countries facing at least one ecological threat, and 19 countries facing four or more threats.

There are 6.4 billion people living in countries facing moderate to high ecological threats.

By 2050, 34% of the 157 countries covered in the report may face catastrophic water shortages, and 22% may face food insecurity.

60% of the countries covered in the report are often affected by floods, followed by water shortages. By 2040, water scarcity will affect 43% of the countries. The Middle East and North Africa will face huge risks.

Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa are the regions facing the most ecological threats; combined with the Global Peace Index, 10 of the 19 countries most affected by ecological threats are currently in a state of turbulence.

Due to the low population growth rate, most countries in Europe and South America will face relatively low ecological threats.

千里之行，始於足下。我們會繼續腳踏實地做事，積極探索更多創新的實踐方式，努力為本地創作優質的可持續發展相關內容，並凝聚同樣關心澳門的各界力量，為可持續發展出一分力。

[Plataforma Macau’s Interview with Genervision House]

Genervision House’s founding members, Arianna and Christy, are fortunate to have been featured in an interview with Plataforma Macau recently, during which we have shared our views on promoting Macau’s sustainable development as well as our experiences interning with the UN in  Africa and the Middle East respectively.

 A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. We will continue to work with humbleness, proactively exploring more innovative ways of implementing sustainable development, and strive towards creating quality content locally. We hope to gather the different voices of Macau and contribute to sustainable development.

   

2021年1月12日，騰訊宣佈啓動碳中和規劃，積極響應中國碳中和目標，並在未來將通過新技術降低碳的排放，成為首批啓動碳中和規劃的互聯網企業之一。

目前，騰訊已經在騰訊濱海大廈和數據中心，通過人工智能和雲計算來降低碳排放，研發的節能技術已經迭代到T-Block 4.0 版本。

騰訊公司董事會主席兼首席執行官馬化騰表示，作為科技企業，騰訊要更關注企業運營對氣候、水等自然環境的影響。隨著中國宣佈碳達峰及碳中和目標，騰訊也要加快推進碳中和規劃。同時，公司還將加大探索以人工智能為代表的前沿科技在應對地球重大挑戰上的潛力，大步推進科技在產業節能減排方面的應用。

[Sustainable Development Related News: Tencent Launches Carbon Neutral Plan]

On 12 January 2021, Tencent announced the launch of its carbon neutrality plan, actively responding to China’s carbon neutrality targets and reducing carbon emissions through new technologies in the future, making it one of the first Internet companies to launch the carbon neutrality plan.

At present, Tencent is already using artificial intelligence and cloud computing to reduce carbon emissions in its Tencent Binhai Building and Data Centre. The energy-saving technology it has developed has been iterated to T-Block 4.0 version.

Tencent Corporation Chairman and CEO Ma Huateng said: “As a technology company, we must pay more attention to the impact of corporate operations on the climate, water and other natural environments. As China announces its carbon peak and carbon neutral targets, Tencent will also accelerate its efforts to promote carbon Neutralization planning.At the same time, we will also increase the exploration of the potential of cutting-edge technologies represented by artificial intelligence in coping with the major challenges of the earth, and make great strides to promote the application of technology in industrial energy conservation and emission reduction.”

(Source and more information: http://www.pvtime.org/tencent-founder-ma-huateng……/)

台灣的一個本土環保組織 RE-THINK 重新思考近日推出了這個「回收大百科」，以互動動態爆炸圖形式介紹各種各樣垃圾的可回收程度及分類方法。挺有趣的一個環境教育行動！

[Sustainable Development Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production]

A Non-Profit Organization RE-THINK from Taiwan has recently released a “Recycling Encyclopedia”, which uses interactive images to introduce the recyclability of various sorts of waste and ways to classify them. Quite an interesting educational initiative on the environment!

國務院新聞辦公室1月10日發布《新時代的中國國際發展合作》白皮書。該白皮書的出爐，標誌著中國對外援助策略的重大改變。

白皮書共包括八個部分，分別為人類命運共同體理念引領新時代中國國際發展合作、新時代中國國際發展合作取得新進展、助力共建“一帶一路”國際合作、推動落實聯合國2030年可持續發展議程、攜手應對全球人道主義挑戰、支持發展中國家增強自主發展能力、加強國際交流與三方合作、中國國際發展合作展望。

全文在此：

【Sustainable development related news】

The State Council Information Office released the white paper “China’s International Development Cooperation in the New Era” on January 10. The publication of this white paper marks a major change in China’s foreign aid strategy.

The white paper consists of eight parts: International Development Cooperation in the New Era and a Global Community of Shared Future, Achieving New Progress in International Development Cooperation, Boosting International Cooperation on the Belt and Road, Contributing to the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Responding to Global Humanitarian Challenges Together, Supporting the Endogenous Growth of Developing Countries, Strengthening International Exchanges and Tripartite Cooperation and Future Prospects for China’s International Development Cooperation.

The full text is here:

提及北京，除了長城和天安門，廣為人知的還有困擾其多年的重度霧霾。

在北京霧霾最為嚴重的那幾年（2012-2016），小編恰好在北京讀大學。在秋冬季節，常能看到灰白甚至泥土色的天空，空氣中的煙燻味和硫磺味，連室內都能聞到。在嚴重的霧霾天出門後回到家，用濕紙巾擦臉，紙巾上盡是一片黑，鼻子就更不用說了。記憶最深的一次，莫過於一連好多天，窗外都是混沌的泥黃色，分不出到底是日間什麼時分。室友叫的外賣，也看不清外賣小哥在哪裡。同學笑稱，上個大學不容易，熬到畢業分分鐘肺都黑了。

2013年，北京僅僅連續87天沒有PM2.5重污染。

7年後，小編在2020年的冬季重返了一次北京。那一週裡北京每天都是萬里晴空（見下圖），空氣質量也明顯變好。經過這幾年來政府嚴格限制煤炭消費以及關停重污染工廠、環境監測技術的應用、PM2.5來源的解析等等一系列措施，北京的藍天終於變得更多了。2020年，北京連續322天無PM2.5重污染。同時，北京全年“好天”比2019年又多了36天。

這些經驗顯然值得其他發展中國家的一些城市參考。不過，根據北京市生態環境監測中心主任劉保獻在接受中新社專訪時提到，“京津冀區域的污染量在全國都是最高的，單位國土面積燃煤排放量是全國的四倍。雖然各個方面污染物排放有降低，但總的來講，城市降得多，農村降得少；2月份是采暖季，有大量供暖需求；輕工業停得多，重工業停得少，重工業比如鋼鐵、玻璃、焦炭這部分基本上沒有停。”

大氣治理是非常複雜的系統性、社會性的問題。取得了階段性進步值得高興，但未來的路仍不能鬆懈。在許多方面，例如如何協調城市和農鄉不一致的環保動機，成功將環保意識深入到各民眾階層，以及鼓勵企業去切實行動，政府仍有很多工作要帶頭做。願北京能像曾經的伦敦一樣，漸漸甩掉霧霾之城的帽子。

參考文章：中国焦点面对面：北京的蓝天是如何多起来的？https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/WPoQKakIN83wsN2d0wbFtw

【Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action】

When it comes to Beijing, in addition to the Great Wall and Tiananmen Square, it is known for the heavy smog that has plagued it for many years.

During the most severe years of smog in Beijing (2012-2016), the editor had been studying at an university in Beijing. During autumn and winter, the sky was often grayish and even earthy, and the smell of smoke and sulfur in the air can be smelled even indoors. On a severe smog day, the editor wiped her face with a wet tissue after going out, and the tissue was filled with black dust. It was the same in the nose. The most striking memory for the editor was that for many days in a row, the outside environment was covered in muddy yellow air, and she couldn’t tell what time it was in the day. Her roommate ordered the food delivery and couldn’t see where the delivery person was. Her classmate joked that going to university was not easy as students risking the health of their lungs by living in Beijing.

In 2013, for only 87 consecutive days, Beijing had no heavy PM2.5 pollution.

Seven years since then, the editor returned to Beijing in the winter of 2020. During that week, Beijing had clear sky every day (see the pictures below), and the air quality was obviously much better. Over the past few years, the government has strictly restricted coal consumption and shut down heavily polluting factories, and the environmental monitoring technologies were applied in different areas of the city, along with the analysis of PM2.5 sources and other measures. Finally, Beijing has seen more “blue sky” than before. In 2020, for 322 consecutive days, Beijing had no heavy PM2.5 pollution. In addition, Beijing had 36 more “good weather” throughout the year than in 2019.

These experiences are obviously worthy of reference for some cities in other developing countries. However, according to Liu Baoxian, director of the Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, “The pollution level in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the highest in the country, and the coal emission per unit area is four times that of the country. Pollutant emissions in all aspects have been reduced, but in general, the urban area has dropped much, and the rural area has dropped less; February is the heating season, and there is a large demand for heating; industries with light pollution were halted more than industries with heavy pollution, and heavy industries such as steel, glass and coke have not been shut down.” He mentioned in an exclusive interview with China News Agency.

Air pollution is a very complex systemic and social issue. The staged progress is worthy of noting, but there is still a long road ahead. In many aspects, such as how to coordinate the inconsistent environmental protection motives between cities and rural areas, successfully spread the awareness of environmental protection to all people, and encourage enterprises to take concrete actions, the government still has a lot to lead. Hopefully Beijing can gradually get rid of its hat of a smog city, just like how London did before.

Reference:

中国焦点面对面：北京的蓝天是如何多起来的？https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/WPoQKakIN83wsN2d0wbFtw