每年的今天（3月4日）是國際HPV知曉日。人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)是一種非常常見的病毒，目前約有170種類型的HPV被判別出來，分類為高危及低危型人類乳頭瘤病毒。持續感染高危型人類乳頭瘤病毒（HPV)會導致宮頸癌，宮頸癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一，也是全球和我國面臨的主要公共衛生問題之一。
HPV感染主要是通過性生活感染，但性生活不是唯一的感染途徑。HPV也可以通過間接方式感染，例如接觸感染者的衣物、洗漱用品等。2018年我國宮頸癌发生病例約10萬例，約占全球新发病例17.5%，死亡病例有4.8萬例，相當於平均每5分鐘就有一名患者被診斷為宮頸癌，每10分鐘就有一名患者死於宮頸癌。近年來宮頸癌的发病率和死亡率持續上升，並呈現年輕化趨勢。因為大多數感染者沒有任何臨床症狀或體徵，如果不能通過早期篩查及時发現，等到病发轉移時人們通常已無力回天。2020年11月17日世界衛生組織啟動了《加速消除宮頸癌全球戰略》，全球194個國家首次承諾要消除這種癌症。
宮頸癌雖然兇猛，但它是目前发現的唯一一個病因明確並可控制的腫瘤，也是目前唯一可以通過接種疫苗預防的癌症。
根據世界衛生組織的宮頸癌防治策略來看，針對不同年齡段的女性需要使用不同的預防策略。對於9～13歲的女性來說，疫苗是最具成本效益比的工具；而對開始了性生活的女性，除了儘早打疫苗，也應定期作抹片檢測。此外，男性也可以接種HPV疫苗。許多人對接種疫苗和年齡存在許多疑問，但關於疫苗，一句話總結：早打比晚打好，打了比不打好。
願更多人，不管窮人富人，男人女人，都能有機會得到關於這個病毒的信息以及預防工具。
想了解更多更全面的HPV知識/疫苗答疑，可參考公眾號“丁香醫生”的這篇文章：https://wechat.dxy.cn/news/view?noshare=false&watermark=false&nocopy=false&email=false&simuri=%2Fjapi%2Fweixin%2Fnews%2F50353%2F1ewj44FrmO7pF%2Fdata&teamId=8
參考資料：
【International HPV Awareness Day】
Today (March 4) is the International HPV Awareness Day. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus. At present, about 170 types of HPV have been identified and classified as high-risk and low-risk human papillomaviruses. Continuous infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and it is also one of the major public health problems facing the world and our country.
HPV is mainly transmitted through sex, but sex is not the only way of transmission. HPV can also be transmitted indirectly. For example, in contact with the clothes and toiletries of an infected person can also get infected. In 2018, there were about 100,000 cases of cervical cancer in China, accounting for about 17.5% of global new cases, and 48,000 deaths, which was equivalent to an average of one patient being diagnosed with cervical cancer every 5 minutes and one died of cervical cancer every 10 minutes. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer have continued to rise, and it has also affected people in a younger age. Because most infected people do not have any clinical symptoms or signs, if HPV cannot be detected in time through early screening, it will be too late to treat. On November 17, 2020, the World Health Organization launched the “Global Strategy for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer”. For the first time, 194 countries across the world pledged to eliminate this cancer.
Although cervical cancer is fierce, it is currently the only tumor with a clear and controllable cause and the only cancer that can be prevented by vaccination.
According to the World Health Organization’s cervical cancer prevention and treatment strategy, women of different ages need to use different prevention strategies. For women between 9 and 13 years old, vaccines are the most cost-effective tool. For women who have started sex, in addition to getting the vaccine as soon as possible, regular testing is also needed. In addition, men can also be vaccinated against HPV. Many people have confusion about vaccination and the age, but here is the straight-forward summary: get vaccinated early is better than late, and vaccinated is better than not vaccinated.
Hopefully more people, no matter rich or poor, women or men, will have the opportunity to get information about HPV and the preventive tools.
For more comprehensive HPV knowledge/vaccine Q&A, please refer to this article of the public account “Doctor Lilac”: https://wechat.dxy.cn/news/view?noshare=false&watermark=false&nocopy=false&email=false&simuri=%2Fjapi%2Fweixin%2Fnews%2F50353%2F1ewj44FrmO7pF%2Fdata&teamId=8
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