被稱為「地球癌症」的荒漠化，威脅著全球三分之二國家和地區、五分之一人口的生存和發展。我國亦是世界上荒漠化最嚴重的國家之一，荒漠化土地佔國土面積的27.33%。
然而，在最貧瘠無望的土地，仍能出現綠洲奇跡。
恩格貝就是這個奇跡。
歡迎點擊以下短片收聽恩格貝的故事～
氣候變化的影響
政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)在昨日發佈了一份新報告，探討了減緩氣候變化的各種措施，以防止氣候變化的影響在未來幾十年內進一步惡化。我們從上一份報告中得知，人類明確的造成了氣候變化，而且引發了連鎖反應，對地球上的生命造成了不可逆轉的影響。作為地球上的公民，我們能做些什麼來幫助拯救地球上萬物的共同未來，使它不會成為一場災難呢？
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A new report is released by the IPCC yesterday to explore how we can mitigate climate change to prevent the severe impacts from worsening in the coming decades. We already know from the last report that humans have unequivocally caused climate change, which triggers the cascading and, to some extent, irreversible (bad) impacts on the lives on this planet. What can we do, as citizens on Earth, to help save our common future from becoming a disaster?
資料來源 Sources:
IPCC 第六次評估報告 – 第二及第三工作小組報告
IPCC Sixth Assessment Report – WGII & WGII
TVB拍攝和製作的扶貧紀錄片《無窮之路》
讓8.5億人脫貧，國家靠的是什麼策略？
過去十年來，國家組織實施了人類歷史上規模空前、力度最大、惠及人口最多的脫貧攻堅戰，2020年已達成消除絕對貧困的目標，對全球減貧貢獻率超70%，為世界上減貧人口最多的國家，也是率先完成聯合國減貧目標的發展中國家。
《無窮之路》這套紀錄片在全中國挑選了十個最具代表性的深度貧困地區案例，分析每個地點采用的不同扶貧方式。這條與貧窮作鬥爭之路並不容易。不是所有嘗試的方法都成功了，也不是沒有令人爭議或深思的複雜之處，但這個過程，仍值得去關注，這些策略的誕生，仍具其意義和價值。
值得一看！
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圖文包參考資料：
1.王亚华、舒全峰：中国精准扶贫的政策过程与实践经验。清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)，2021年第1期，第36卷
2.《人类减贫的中国实践》白皮书，国务院新闻办公室
綠色答卷：中國已超額完成2020年碳減排目標
根據生態環境部的消息，中國2020年碳排放強度比2015年下降了18.8%，超額完成了「十三五」約束性目標，而我國非化石能源佔能源消費的比重達到15.9%，都超額完成了中國向國際社會承諾的2020年目標。2020年9月，中國向世界做出莊重承諾，將力爭在2030年前實現碳達峰、2060年前實現碳中和。而在「十四五」規劃和2035年遠景目標綱要中，廣泛形成綠色生產生活方式、碳排放達峰後穩中有降也成為重要內容
相比於發達國家來說，中國碳減排時間緊、任務重。如何在繼續保持經濟較快增長的同時實現經濟社會發展的低碳轉型，將是一個不小的考驗
中國環境科學研究院副院長王金南：「最主要的困難，一個是整個經濟的產業結構調整，我們可能要往綠色低碳的方向去調整。第二個從能源供給側角度調整，把目前這種高化石能源結構按照低碳甚至零碳方向調整，利用可再生能源來替代化石能源。第三個從消費者這一側來調整，需要我們全面建立綠色低碳消費。」
Green Action: China has exceeded the 2020 carbon emission reduction target👀
According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China’s carbon emissions intensity in 2020 has dropped by 18.8% compared to 2015, exceeding the binding targets of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and the share of non-fossil energy in China’s energy consumption has reached 15.9%, both exceeding China’s 2020 targets promised to the international community. In September 2020, China made a solemn commitment to the world that it would strive to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. In the 14th Five-Year Plan and the outline of the 2035 Vision, the extensive formation of green production and lifestyle, and the stabilization of carbon emissions after reaching the peak have also become important contents.
Compared with developed countries, China’s carbon emissions reduction is a tight, heavy task. How to continue to maintain relatively rapid economic growth while achieving low-carbon transformation of economic and social development will be a tough test.
Wang Jinnan, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences: “The main difficulty is the adjustment of the industrial structure of the entire economy, we may have to adjust to the direction of green and low-carbon. The second adjustment from the side of energy supply, the current high fossil energy structure in accordance with the low-carbon or even zero-carbon direction, the use of renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The third adjustment from the side of the consumer, we need to establish a comprehensive green low-carbon consumption.
Resource: http://shorturl.at/fkvBU
【循環利用塑膠廢棄物搭建羅興亞難民營庇護所】
你有聽說過再用塑料廢棄物來為難民建造可持續住房嗎？
就在幾個月前，在孟加拉國科克斯巴扎爾全球最大的難民營裏，大火蔓延至羅興亞難民居住的庇護所，導致至少15名難民喪生及超過四萬八千名難民流離失所。這些庇護所通常由高度易燃的材料製成，如竹子和篷帆布。
最近，人道主義組織挪威難民委員會(Norwegian Refugee Council）開展了一個名叫「使用塑料廢物生產人道主義庇護所材料和用品」的項目，探索使用現有的塑料廢物和回收方法來生產如磚塊和屋頂之類的住房材料。
由於近一半 (46%) 的羅興亞家庭表示他們的庇護所的竹子材料已受損或腐爛，這種解決塑料廢棄物的創新解決方案不但可以為難民提供可持續住房， 還可為當地社區提供生產這些庇護所物料產品的新就業機會。
[Reusing Plastic Waste to Build Rohingya Refugee Shelters]
Have you heard of reusing plastic waste to build sustainable housing for refugees?
Just a few months ago, inside the largest refugee camp in the world located in Cox Bazar, Bangladesh, at least 15 refugees were killed and over 48,000 of them were displaced by a massive fire that spread through the shelters refugees stayed in. These shelters are normally made of highly flammable materials such as bamboo and tarpaulin.
Recently, a humanitarian organization named Norwegian Refugee Council has started the project “Using plastic waste to produce humanitarian shelter materials and supplies”, which explores using existing plastic waste and recycling methods to produce shelter materials such as bricks and roofs.
As nearly half (46%) of Rohingya households reported damaged or rotten bamboo in their shelters, this innovative solution to plastic waste could provide sustainable housing as well as new job opportunities for local communities to produce these shelter products.
Source：https://www.nrc.no/…/2021/recycled-plastic-to-the-rescue/
【可持續發展目標5：性別平等】COVID-19疫情是對兩性平等的重大挑戰
3月5日，在國際婦女節之前，歐盟委員會公佈了2021年歐盟性別平等報告，其中顯示了COVID-19疫情對女性的負面影響。這次疫情加劇了歐洲外內幾乎所有生活領域中現有的男女不平等現象，使過去幾年來之不易的努力化為烏有。
那麼，疫情如何加劇不平等現象呢？報告提及以下幾點：
• 成員國內的家庭暴力案件激增；
• 女性在對抗疫情的前線工作；
• 女性在勞動力市場上失去競爭力；
• 封城政策加重女性無償護理的責任和嚴重影響工作與生活平衡；
• 對抗疫情的決策機構中缺乏女性。
如需了解更多信息，您可以通過以下網址查看報告：https://ec.europa.eu/…/aid…/annual_report_ge_2021_en.pdf
[Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender equality] COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for gender equality
On 5th March, ahead of International Women’s Day, the Commission published its 2021 report on gender equality in the EU, which shows the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women. The pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities between women and men in almost all areas of life, both in Europe and beyond, rolling back on the hard-won achievements of past years.
So, how has the epidemic exacerbated inequalities? The report mentions the following:
• Member States recorded a surge in domestic violence
• Women were at the frontline tackling the pandemic
• Women in the labour market were hit hard by the pandemic
• Lockdowns have a significant impact on unpaid care and work-life balance
• A striking lack of women in COVID-19 decision-making bodies
For more information, you can check the report at https://ec.europa.eu/…/aid…/annual_report_ge_2021_en.pdf
(Source: European Commission / Photo: ©European Commission)
【可持續發展相關分享】2021澳洲年度風雲人物
國際婦女節是為了慶祝女性在社會、經濟、文化和政治層面所取得的眾多成就，而在這一天的前夕，小編想和大家分享今年澳洲年度風雲人物獲獎者的故事，推廣她們在為全人類創造可持續未來方面所取得的非凡進步。
Grace Tame
為性侵犯倖存爭取發聲權利的提倡者。 Grace曾經遭受性侵害，卻被法律禁止公開談論自己的經歷，但她的侵犯者和媒體可以自由談論她的案件。 因此她發起了#LetHerSpeak的運動，以推動法律改革，讓所有倖存者的聲音都可以被聽到。 在她的行動發起後，該法律已被修改，賦予倖存者講述自己故事的權利。
Dr Miriam-Rose Ungunmerr Baumann AM
作為一名來自Nauiyu民族的澳洲原住民社會運動者、藝術家和教育家，Miriam-Rose博士熱誠的倡導將視覺藝術作為每個孩子教育的一部分。她還建立了Miriam-Rose基金會，讓原住民青年學習如何通過藝術、機會、文化和教育，將他們的原住民文化與西方主流文化連接起來。
Isobel Marshall
這位社會企業家開辦了一家名為TABOO的品牌，透過售賣以合乎道德標準採購的棉花製造的有機護墊和棉塞來結束「月經貧窮」，並將100％的收益捐給了One Girls，一間為獅子山共和國和烏干達的女孩和婦女提供教育慈善機構。 她的品牌TABOO還與澳洲當地的婦女庇護所合作，為弱勢的婦女提供免費的衛生用品。
Rosemary Kariuki
作為移民賦權的倡導者和當地警察局多元文化社區聯絡官，Rosemary幫助孤立的移民和難民婦女克服困難，並在陌生的國度找到屬於他們自己的方向。深深了解到新移民在一個新國家會感受到孤獨，她為來自不同文化背景的人建立了一個社區，讓這些人相互分享知識。她還開展了「非洲鄉村市場」的項目來幫助移民和難民在當地創業。
[Sustainable Development Related Story] Meet the Stars of Australian Of The Year 2021
On the eve of the International Women’s Day, which is to celebrate the many achievements women have made on the social, economic, cultural, and political level, the editor wants to share the stories of this year’s Australian of The Year awards recipients to highlight the extraordinary progress they have made to create a sustainable future for all humankind.
Grace Tame
An advocate for the rights of sexual assault survivors to have their voices heard. Having experienced a traumatic sexual assault herself, Grace was prohibited by law to speak publicly of her experience while her perpetrator and the media can talk about the abuse freely. So she began the campaign #LetHerSpeak to push for legal reform for all the survivors’ voices to be heard. Following her campaign, the law has been changed to give survivors the right to tell their stories.
Dr Miriam-Rose Ungunmerr Baumann AM
As an Aboriginal activist, artist, and educator from Nauiyu, Dr Miriam-Rose leads a passionate campaign to advocate for the inclusion of visual art as part of every child’s education. She also established the Miriam Rose Foundation to allow Indigenous youth to learn how to bridge their Aboriginal culture and the mainstream Western culture through art, opportunity, culture, and education.
Isobel Marshall
A social entrepreneur who started a brand TABOO to end period poverty by selling ethically sourced organic pads and tampons, of which 100% of the proceeds goes to One Girls, a charity that provides education for girls and women in Sierra Leone and Uganda. Her brand TABOO also partnered with the local women’s shelter to provide free sanitary products for disadvantaged women.
Rosemary Kariuki
An advocate for migrant empowerment and the multicultural community liaison officer for the local police department, Rosemary helps isolated migrants and refugee women to overcome the hardships and find their way in the country. Understanding how migrants can suffer from isolation in a new country, she built a community for people of different cultures who share the same struggle to share knowledge with one another. She also started African Village Market, a program to help migrants and refugees start their own businesses.
photo credit: SBS TV
【可持續發展目標5：性別平等】投資女力經濟，造就包容性經濟增長
女力經濟投資正正是現在的發展趨勢 — 它通過減少性別差距及投資於獲利決策來創造共享價值。
根據世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)的統計數據，就基本銀行服務、貸款、保險和手機錢包而言，全球將近三分之一的女性被排除在正規金融體系之外。全球只有46個國家或地區有禁止帶有性別歧視的借貸法律。例如，在越南，儘管婦女擁有的中小型企業佔當地所有活躍企業的25％，但婦女經營的企業在獲取信貸方面面臨著重重困難，而且商業銀行在沒有政府法規或計劃的前提下，不會投資於小型女性企業。同樣，女性佔非洲自營職業人口的58％，但目前為止，撒哈拉以南非洲女性企業家的資金缺口為420億美元。
更有趣的是，女力經濟投資也可以促成氣候投資。在越南，有78％的國內企業發現定制應對氣候危機的產品和服務將帶來商機。 疫情促進了數字經濟的發展，但婦女在這種新型經濟模式中無法參與和受益。通過手機訪問互聯網的全球女性人數比男性少3.27億。 覆蓋東盟國家的Go Digital ASEAN計劃是女力經濟投資中的重要項目之一 — 它計劃把20萬農村、貧困和弱勢群體人口（特別是擁有微型企業或家庭企業的婦女）與數字經濟聯繫起來。
全球包容性經濟需要不同性別團體共同獲得機會和參與。
🔗📚想了解更多關於女力經濟投資，請參閱以下連結：
[Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender Equality] Gender-smart Investing for an Inclusive Economic Growth
Gender-smart investing is gaining momentum – it creates shared value opportunity by reducing gender gaps and investing in profit-making decisions.
Statistics from the World Economic Forum, show that nearly one in three women worldwide is excluded from the formal financial system, in terms of basic banking services, loans, insurances and mobile wallets. Globally, only 46 countries have laws prohibiting gender discrimination in lending. For example, in Vietnam, despite women-owned MSMEs account for 25% of all active enterprises in Vietnam, it was found that women-run enterprises face difficulty in accessing credit for business development, and that commercial banks will not invest in small, women-run enterprises without government regulations or programs. Similarly, women make up 58% of African’s self-employed population, but currently, there is $42 billion funding gap for female entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
What is more interesting is that gender-smart investing can also lead to climate-smart investing. In Vietnam, 78% of domestic businesses see opportunities in tailoring their products and services to tackle the climate crisis.
As COVID-19 has catalysed the growth of digital economy, women are ill-positioned to participate and benefit from this new mode of economy. Globally, there are 327 million fewer women than men with access to the internet through their mobile phones. The Go Digital ASEAN is one of the prominent projects in gender-smart investing – it is envisioned to connect 200,000 people from rural, poor, and disadvantaged groups, particularly women with micro-enterprises or household businesses, to the digital economy.
An inclusive economy for the world requires equal access and participation from all genders.
🔗To read more about gender-smart investing, feel free to check out the following links below：
【可持續發展：數字化轉型】中國的數字貨幣實驗
在中國，每五筆交易中就有近四筆是通過科技公司發展的手機應用程式進行的。然而，國家領導認為這些大型科技平台的影響力過大，準備推出全球首個官方電子貨幣。
中國人民銀行一直在試驗國家的數字貨幣。這樣的機制將使政府能夠更快地將現金轉移到窮人和銀行存款不足的人手中，同時也讓國家對資金流動進行更多的審查。
中國人民銀行作為中央銀行，並沒有試圖重塑貨幣政策 — 至少目前沒有。但理論上，央行推行數字人民幣，將獲得三項新的權力：將利率降低到零以下；直接向最需要的人發放現金；更精確地看到誰有錢，以及如何花錢。
日前，央行在成都開始最新的概念試驗 。該銀行已經向那裡的居民發放了總計20萬張代金券，總值4020萬元人民幣，這些代金券可以在16天內在某些本地和在線零售商店使用。
政府官員的計劃是，到明年2月北京舉辦冬奧會時，將全面實施的國家電子貨幣。
[Sustainable Development: Digital Transition] China’s digital-currency experiment
Nearly four out of every five transactions in China are conducted through mobile apps developed by technology companies. However, the country’s leaders believe that these large technology platforms have too much influence and so they are ready to launch the world’s first official e-currency.
The People’s Bank of China has been experimenting with the country’s digital currency. Such a mechanism would allow the government to transfer cash to the poor and underbanked more quickly, as well as giving the state more scrutiny over financial flows.
The People’s Bank of China, as the central bank, has not attempted to reshape monetary policy – at least not yet. But in theory, the central bank’s introduction of the digital renminbi (yuan) will give it three new powers: to lower interest rates below zero; issue cash directly to those most in need; and to see more precisely who has money and how it is spent.
Recently, the central bank started its latest concept trial in Chengdu. The bank has already distributed a total of 200,000 vouchers worth RMB 40.2 million to residents there, which can be used at certain local and online retail outlets within 16 days.
Government officials’ plan is to have a fully-implemented, national e-currency by the time the Winter Olympics are held in Beijing in February next year.
Source: “A bit of coin: China’s digital-currency experiment”, The Economist (adapted)
【國際HPV知曉日】
每年的今天（3月4日）是國際HPV知曉日。人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)是一種非常常見的病毒，目前約有170種類型的HPV被判別出來，分類為高危及低危型人類乳頭瘤病毒。持續感染高危型人類乳頭瘤病毒（HPV)會導致宮頸癌，宮頸癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一，也是全球和我國面臨的主要公共衛生問題之一。
HPV感染主要是通過性生活感染，但性生活不是唯一的感染途徑。HPV也可以通過間接方式感染，例如接觸感染者的衣物、洗漱用品等。2018年我國宮頸癌发生病例約10萬例，約占全球新发病例17.5%，死亡病例有4.8萬例，相當於平均每5分鐘就有一名患者被診斷為宮頸癌，每10分鐘就有一名患者死於宮頸癌。近年來宮頸癌的发病率和死亡率持續上升，並呈現年輕化趨勢。因為大多數感染者沒有任何臨床症狀或體徵，如果不能通過早期篩查及時发現，等到病发轉移時人們通常已無力回天。2020年11月17日世界衛生組織啟動了《加速消除宮頸癌全球戰略》，全球194個國家首次承諾要消除這種癌症。
宮頸癌雖然兇猛，但它是目前发現的唯一一個病因明確並可控制的腫瘤，也是目前唯一可以通過接種疫苗預防的癌症。
根據世界衛生組織的宮頸癌防治策略來看，針對不同年齡段的女性需要使用不同的預防策略。對於9～13歲的女性來說，疫苗是最具成本效益比的工具；而對開始了性生活的女性，除了儘早打疫苗，也應定期作抹片檢測。此外，男性也可以接種HPV疫苗。許多人對接種疫苗和年齡存在許多疑問，但關於疫苗，一句話總結：早打比晚打好，打了比不打好。
願更多人，不管窮人富人，男人女人，都能有機會得到關於這個病毒的信息以及預防工具。
想了解更多更全面的HPV知識/疫苗答疑，可參考公眾號“丁香醫生”的這篇文章：https://wechat.dxy.cn/news/view?noshare=false&watermark=false&nocopy=false&email=false&simuri=%2Fjapi%2Fweixin%2Fnews%2F50353%2F1ewj44FrmO7pF%2Fdata&teamId=8
參考資料：
【International HPV Awareness Day】
Today (March 4) is the International HPV Awareness Day. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus. At present, about 170 types of HPV have been identified and classified as high-risk and low-risk human papillomaviruses. Continuous infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and it is also one of the major public health problems facing the world and our country.
HPV is mainly transmitted through sex, but sex is not the only way of transmission. HPV can also be transmitted indirectly. For example, in contact with the clothes and toiletries of an infected person can also get infected. In 2018, there were about 100,000 cases of cervical cancer in China, accounting for about 17.5% of global new cases, and 48,000 deaths, which was equivalent to an average of one patient being diagnosed with cervical cancer every 5 minutes and one died of cervical cancer every 10 minutes. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer have continued to rise, and it has also affected people in a younger age. Because most infected people do not have any clinical symptoms or signs, if HPV cannot be detected in time through early screening, it will be too late to treat. On November 17, 2020, the World Health Organization launched the “Global Strategy for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer”. For the first time, 194 countries across the world pledged to eliminate this cancer.
Although cervical cancer is fierce, it is currently the only tumor with a clear and controllable cause and the only cancer that can be prevented by vaccination.
According to the World Health Organization’s cervical cancer prevention and treatment strategy, women of different ages need to use different prevention strategies. For women between 9 and 13 years old, vaccines are the most cost-effective tool. For women who have started sex, in addition to getting the vaccine as soon as possible, regular testing is also needed. In addition, men can also be vaccinated against HPV. Many people have confusion about vaccination and the age, but here is the straight-forward summary: get vaccinated early is better than late, and vaccinated is better than not vaccinated.
Hopefully more people, no matter rich or poor, women or men, will have the opportunity to get information about HPV and the preventive tools.
For more comprehensive HPV knowledge/vaccine Q&A, please refer to this article of the public account “Doctor Lilac”: https://wechat.dxy.cn/news/view?noshare=false&watermark=false&nocopy=false&email=false&simuri=%2Fjapi%2Fweixin%2Fnews%2F50353%2F1ewj44FrmO7pF%2Fdata&teamId=8
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