碳也可以被買賣?認識碳交易、碳市場

進入遊樂場需要門票,租用房屋需要付租金,我們經常在市場中付費、交易以獲取某種權利,而碳市場中交易的,正正就是「碳排放權」,即排放二氧化碳等溫室氣體的權利。

碳交易是為促進全球溫室氣體減排所採用的市場機制。例如現有A、B兩家企業,被規定每年各自的碳排放上限是10萬噸。A企業今年最後只排放了6萬噸二氧化碳,B企業卻因為生產過量或其他原因需要排放更多,便向A企業購買了其多出的碳排放權,這個過程就形成了碳交易、碳市場。

除了促進全球溫室氣體減排,碳市場同時起到「獎勵先進,懲戒落後」的作用。從上述例子可見,低排放的A企業可透過出售其碳排放權而獲利,相當於「被獎勵」;而高排放的B企業則只能付出額外的成本,從碳市場中購買碳排放權以滿足而生產需要,相當於「被懲罰」。這就好比若然考試分數可以被買賣,而合格分數線是60分,不合格的學生將會受到嚴厲懲罰的話,成績好的學生便可以把高於60分的部分賣給成績低於60分的學生,成績好的學生從中獲利,成績差的學生則需付上代價。

然而實際上,B企業除了購買碳排放權,也可以通過自身努力實現碳排放水平下降,例如引進低排放生產技術以及調整生產結構等,正如成績差的學生除了可以購買分數,還可通過努力學習提升自己的分數。

碳交易便把氣候變化這一科學問題、減少碳排放這一技術問題,與可持續發展這個社會問題緊密地結合起來,以市場機制來解決這個科學、技術、社會綜合問題。

碳市場看似對環境友好,能以最經濟實惠的方式降低社會的整體碳排放,但仍存在不少問題與難關,例如有些企業措施是低碳的,卻不環保,例如大量採用太陽能發電項目將造成太陽能板處理的環境問題和土地佔用;有的措施是環保的,卻不低碳,例如為發電廠新設一個煙氣除塵器,可以有效改善煙氣質量,卻需要使用額外的能源,相當於造成額外的碳排放;此外,受碳市場管控的企業也可能考慮將企業搬遷到不受碳市場管控的地區,導致這些地區更高的碳排放和更多的污染問題,這種現象也可被稱為「碳泄漏」。碳市場建立本身也面臨着法規體系建設、管理體系、基礎設施建設、能力建設等大量的工作,以及如何準確量度排放量、分配初始配額,解決市場流動性、信息披露、違規違約處理等操作性問題;若市場建立成熟,更可引入儲蓄、抵押、期權期貨等金融手法及工具,進一步加強碳市場的流動性及有效性。

澳門有機會參與,甚至建立碳市場嗎?

2005年,歐盟建立全球首個碳市場,葡萄牙也作為歐盟成員國參與其中。截至目前,全球已有約20個碳市場在運行。中國內地的碳市場試點從2011年開始啓動,分別在北京、天津、上海、深圳、廣東、湖北和重慶七個地區開展試點,並於2017年底,正式啟動全國統一碳交易市場建設。

澳門正以進口電力及油氣等方式間接參與廣東及全國碳市場(2020年澳門總電力供應為53.7億kWh,其中約93%進口自中國南方電網),然而澳門是典型的異養型經濟城市,本地貨物幾乎全部來自貿易進口,高度依賴進出口貿易來彌補自身的資源短缺問題。因此,澳門本地的碳排放源頭不多,主要來源於發電及廢棄物處置,其體量及數量並不適合建立基於直接排放的碳市場。澳門可考慮建立與都市型消費特徵相符的碳市場,如參照日本東京都關於高耗能建築的碳市場,核算建築的耗能狀況,從而計算出其間接碳排放,再作碳排放權交易,相當於「用能權交易」,以此激勵酒店、寫字樓等大型建築節約用能。

程浩生 – 21/05/2021

(文章選自Plataforma平台, 連結:https://www.plataformamedia.com/zh-hant/2021/05/21/sun-碳也可以被買賣?認識碳交易、碳市場/

Read more

全球暖化危在旦夕,我們最大的希望是甚麼?

大氣中的二氧化碳濃度再創新高!根據氣候科學家建議,如果我們想要繼續享受「正常」的環境,二氧化碳的濃度必須控制在350百萬分率 (ppm) 之內。如今,這個濃度已經達到了420 ppm,是人類歷上最高峰。一但超過450 ppm,暖化程度足以融化整個南極。究竟有甚麼措施可以改變現狀呢?

自《巴黎協定》在2015年通過後,各國紛紛出台了減排計劃,希望將全球暖化控制在攝氏1.5度以內。要達到目標,各國必須大量減少溫室氣體排放,並透過碳匯 (carbon sink) 將難以減排的剩餘排放量消除。這個概念亦是淨零排放。

科學家估算在2030年前必須將碳排放量降低到25億噸,才能達到攝氏1.5度的目標,而現在全球每年的碳排放量大概是59億噸。從近十年的排放數據來看,碳排放量不減反升,除了2020年比較特別之外,溫室氣體排放(不包括土地利用變化)平均每年增長1.3%。顯然我們並沒有按著邏輯來行動,這亦代表我們距離達到攝氏1.5度的目標的機會越來越渺茫。

然而,即使我們從今天開始停止碳排放,我們仍然需要從大氣中去除大量的二氧化碳——因為這種頑固的氣體會存留在大氣中數百年後才消散。換言之,要達到攝氏1.5度的目標,碳匯是必需要的。

碳匯在《巴黎協定》中的釋義是任何可以消除大氣中溫室氣體的過程或機制。碳匯分兩種,一種是天然的碳匯,另一種是人工的碳匯。

天然的碳匯包括了海洋、土壤和森林。這些生態系統每年大概可以為我們吸納三分之二的碳排放量。除了作為碳匯之外,這些生態系統還為我們提供生活所需,包括空氣、清潔的水源、食物、娛樂空間和審美享受,亦能保護我們免受風暴潮和熱浪等極端天氣的影響。

人工的碳匯最常見的有兩種,生物能結合碳捕獲與封存技術 (BECCS)和直接空氣採集技術 (direct air capture)。前者通過燃燒如樹木或農作物等來提供能源,並同時在排放源直接捕獲二氧化碳,封存在地下。後者的性質相近,透過機器從一般空氣中採集二氧化碳及進行壓縮。兩種技術現在已經成熟,但由於成本、能源消耗及佔地空間等問題,暫時未有全球性規模的操作。

天然碳匯與人工不同的是,生態系統已經一直存在,而且每時每刻都在幫助我們減緩氣候變化。以紅樹林為例子,雖然它們只有約亞馬遜森林的3成面積,每年卻可以吸納8.4~11.2千噸的二氧化碳,而且它們每年還提供至少價值16億美元的生態系統服務,如海水淨化、為魚蝦提供良好棲息地及維護堤岸等。而人工碳匯目前的吸碳成本為每噸65~600美元不等,更有機會因為興建設備而改變原來土地的用途,造成競爭。與人工碳匯相比,天然碳匯成本和能耗更低甚至為零,而且還能提供一連串的生態系統服務。我們只需做的就是保護、加強和恢復這些寶貴的系統。天然碳匯簡直是雙贏的解決方案,才是我們應該追求的靈丹妙藥。

雖然應對氣候變化的危機似乎難如登天,但筆者相信最大的希望仍然落在我們的身上。很多人認為,只有國家政府才有足夠的資源和力量來動員大規模的改變。但我們每個人都有自己的力量。正如淨零排放的道理,當務之急是通過改變我們的生活方式來減少排放。我們既然共同引發了氣候變化,所以也應共同擺脫這場危機。如果不知道個人能做什麼,那就從關心開始吧!了解我們的行為對氣候變化的影響,問問自己,現在的生活方式是否對自然環境不造成負面影響,還有多欣賞和談論關於自然和氣候變化的議題。

正如蘇斯博士 (Dr. Seuss) 在故事《羅雷司》(the Lorax) 中所說,「除非有人像你一樣那麼關心,不然所有事情都不可能有轉機。」(Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better)

伍靖楓 – 17/05/2021

(文章選自Plataforma平台, 連結:https://www.plataformamedia.com/zh-hant/2021/05/17/全球暖化危在旦夕,我們最大的希望是甚麼?/

Read more

世望角05

世望屋月刊【世望角】第5期:

Newsletter_Issue_05_CH

Newsletter_Issue_05_EN

Read more

世望角04

世望屋月刊【世望角】第4期:

Newsletter_Issue_04_CH

Newsletter_Issue_04_EN

Read more

【可持續發展目標5:性別平等】COVID-19疫情是對兩性平等的重大挑戰

3月5日,在國際婦女節之前,歐盟委員會公佈了2021年歐盟性別平等報告,其中顯示了COVID-19疫情對女性的負面影響。這次疫情加劇了歐洲外內幾乎所有生活領域中現有的男女不平等現象,使過去幾年來之不易的努力化為烏有。

那麼,疫情如何加劇不平等現象呢?報告提及以下幾點:

• 成員國內的家庭暴力案件激增;
• 女性在對抗疫情的前線工作;
• 女性在勞動力市場上失去競爭力;
• 封城政策加重女性無償護理的責任和嚴重影響工作與生活平衡;
• 對抗疫情的決策機構中缺乏女性。

如需了解更多信息,您可以通過以下網址查看報告:https://ec.europa.eu/…/aid…/annual_report_ge_2021_en.pdf

[Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender equality] COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for gender equality

On 5th March, ahead of International Women’s Day, the Commission published its 2021 report on gender equality in the EU, which shows the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women. The pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities between women and men in almost all areas of life, both in Europe and beyond, rolling back on the hard-won achievements of past years.

So, how has the epidemic exacerbated inequalities? The report mentions the following:

• Member States recorded a surge in domestic violence
• Women were at the frontline tackling the pandemic
• Women in the labour market were hit hard by the pandemic
• Lockdowns have a significant impact on unpaid care and work-life balance
• A striking lack of women in COVID-19 decision-making bodies

For more information, you can check the report at https://ec.europa.eu/…/aid…/annual_report_ge_2021_en.pdf

(Source: European Commission / Photo: ©European Commission)

gender equality report 2021 性別平等

Read more

【可持續發展相關分享】2021澳洲年度風雲人物

國際婦女節是為了慶祝女性在社會、經濟、文化和政治層面所取得的眾多成就,而在這一天的前夕,小編想和大家分享今年澳洲年度風雲人物獲獎者的故事,推廣她們在為全人類創造可持續未來方面所取得的非凡進步。

Grace Tame
為性侵犯倖存爭取發聲權利的提倡者。 Grace曾經遭受性侵害,卻被法律禁止公開談論自己的經歷,但她的侵犯者和媒體可以自由談論她的案件。 因此她發起了#LetHerSpeak的運動,以推動法律改革,讓所有倖存者的聲音都可以被聽到。 在她的行動發起後,該法律已被修改,賦予倖存者講述自己故事的權利。

Dr Miriam-Rose Ungunmerr Baumann AM
作為一名來自Nauiyu民族的澳洲原住民社會運動者、藝術家和教育家,Miriam-Rose博士熱誠的倡導將視覺藝術作為每個孩子教育的一部分。她還建立了Miriam-Rose基金會,讓原住民青年學習如何通過藝術、機會、文化和教育,將他們的原住民文化與西方主流文化連接起來。

Isobel Marshall
這位社會企業家開辦了一家名為TABOO的品牌,透過售賣以合乎道德標準採購的棉花製造的有機護墊和棉塞來結束「月經貧窮」,並將100%的收益捐給了One Girls,一間為獅子山共和國和烏干達的女孩和婦女提供教育慈善機構。 她的品牌TABOO還與澳洲當地的婦女庇護所合作,為弱勢的婦女提供免費的衛生用品。

Rosemary Kariuki
作為移民賦權的倡導者和當地警察局多元文化社區聯絡官,Rosemary幫助孤立的移民和難民婦女克服困難,並在陌生的國度找到屬於他們自己的方向。深深了解到新移民在一個新國家會感受到孤獨,她為來自不同文化背景的人建立了一個社區,讓這些人相互分享知識。她還開展了「非洲鄉村市場」的項目來幫助移民和難民在當地創業。

[Sustainable Development Related Story] Meet the Stars of Australian Of The Year 2021

On the eve of the International Women’s Day, which is to celebrate the many achievements women have made on the social, economic, cultural, and political level, the editor wants to share the stories of this year’s Australian of The Year awards recipients to highlight the extraordinary progress they have made to create a sustainable future for all humankind.

Grace Tame
An advocate for the rights of sexual assault survivors to have their voices heard. Having experienced a traumatic sexual assault herself, Grace was prohibited by law to speak publicly of her experience while her perpetrator and the media can talk about the abuse freely. So she began the campaign #LetHerSpeak to push for legal reform for all the survivors’ voices to be heard. Following her campaign, the law has been changed to give survivors the right to tell their stories.

Dr Miriam-Rose Ungunmerr Baumann AM
As an Aboriginal activist, artist, and educator from Nauiyu, Dr Miriam-Rose leads a passionate campaign to advocate for the inclusion of visual art as part of every child’s education. She also established the Miriam Rose Foundation to allow Indigenous youth to learn how to bridge their Aboriginal culture and the mainstream Western culture through art, opportunity, culture, and education.

Isobel Marshall
A social entrepreneur who started a brand TABOO to end period poverty by selling ethically sourced organic pads and tampons, of which 100% of the proceeds goes to One Girls, a charity that provides education for girls and women in Sierra Leone and Uganda. Her brand TABOO also partnered with the local women’s shelter to provide free sanitary products for disadvantaged women.

Rosemary Kariuki
An advocate for migrant empowerment and the multicultural community liaison officer for the local police department, Rosemary helps isolated migrants and refugee women to overcome the hardships and find their way in the country. Understanding how migrants can suffer from isolation in a new country, she built a community for people of different cultures who share the same struggle to share knowledge with one another. She also started African Village Market, a program to help migrants and refugees start their own businesses.

photo credit: SBS TV
2021澳洲年度風雲人物 Meet the Stars of Australian Of The Year 2021
Read more

【可持續發展目標5:性別平等】投資女力經濟,造就包容性經濟增長

女力經濟投資正正是現在的發展趨勢 — 它通過減少性別差距及投資於獲利決策來創造共享價值。

根據世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)的統計數據,就基本銀行服務、貸款、保險和手機錢包而言,全球將近三分之一的女性被排除在正規金融體系之外。全球只有46個國家或地區有禁止帶有性別歧視的借貸法律。例如,在越南,儘管婦女擁有的中小型企業佔當地所有活躍企業的25%,但婦女經營的企業在獲取信貸方面面臨著重重困難,而且商業銀行在沒有政府法規或計劃的前提下,不會投資於小型女性企業。同樣,女性佔非洲自營職業人口的58%,但目前為止,撒哈拉以南非洲女性企業家的資金缺口為420億美元。

更有趣的是,女力經濟投資也可以促成氣候投資。在越南,有78%的國內企業發現定制應對氣候危機的產品和服務將帶來商機。 疫情促進了數字經濟的發展,但婦女在這種新型經濟模式中無法參與和受益。通過手機訪問互聯網的全球女性人數比男性少3.27億。 覆蓋東盟國家的Go Digital ASEAN計劃是女力經濟投資中的重要項目之一 — 它計劃把20萬農村、貧困和弱勢群體人口(特別是擁有微型企業或家庭企業的婦女)與數字經濟聯繫起來。

全球包容性經濟需要不同性別團體共同獲得機會和參與。

🔗📚想了解更多關於女力經濟投資,請參閱以下連結:

https://asiafoundation.org/2021/02/03/how-gender-smart-investing-increases-profits-and-gender-equality/?fbclid=IwAR0dLyZS0E3W11YSYNWJke_loWgT0-mS3QrrbqKvfesAJTmmQldUaFmxY-A

https://www.theafricareport.com/66365/women-led-businesses-is-missing-ingredient-to-maximizing-african-entrepreneurship/

[Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender Equality] Gender-smart Investing for an Inclusive Economic Growth 

Gender-smart investing is gaining momentum – it creates shared value opportunity by reducing gender gaps and investing in profit-making decisions.

Statistics from the World Economic Forum, show that nearly one in three women worldwide is excluded from the formal financial system, in terms of basic banking services, loans, insurances and mobile wallets. Globally, only 46 countries have laws prohibiting gender discrimination in lending. For example, in Vietnam, despite women-owned MSMEs account for 25% of all active enterprises in Vietnam, it was found that women-run enterprises face difficulty in accessing credit for business development, and that commercial banks will not invest in small, women-run enterprises without government regulations or programs. Similarly, women make up 58% of African’s self-employed population, but currently, there is $42 billion funding gap for female entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa.

What is more interesting is that gender-smart investing can also lead to climate-smart investing. In Vietnam, 78% of domestic businesses see opportunities in tailoring their products and services to tackle the climate crisis.

As COVID-19 has catalysed the growth of digital economy, women are ill-positioned to participate and benefit from this new mode of economy. Globally, there are 327 million fewer women than men with access to the internet through their mobile phones. The Go Digital ASEAN is one of the prominent projects in gender-smart investing – it is envisioned to connect 200,000 people from rural, poor, and disadvantaged groups, particularly women with micro-enterprises or household businesses, to the digital economy.

An inclusive economy for the world requires equal access and participation from all genders.

🔗To read more about gender-smart investing, feel free to check out the following links below:

https://asiafoundation.org/2021/02/03/how-gender-smart-investing-increases-profits-and-gender-equality/?fbclid=IwAR0dLyZS0E3W11YSYNWJke_loWgT0-mS3QrrbqKvfesAJTmmQldUaFmxY-A

https://www.theafricareport.com/66365/women-led-businesses-is-missing-ingredient-to-maximizing-african-entrepreneurship/

女力經濟 Gender-smart Investing

Read more

【可持續發展:數字化轉型】中國的數字貨幣實驗

在中國,每五筆交易中就有近四筆是通過科技公司發展的手機應用程式進行的。然而,國家領導認為這些大型科技平台的影響力過大,準備推出全球首個官方電子貨幣。

中國人民銀行一直在試驗國家的數字貨幣。這樣的機制將使政府能夠更快地將現金轉移到窮人和銀行存款不足的人手中,同時也讓國家對資金流動進行更多的審查。

中國人民銀行作為中央銀行,並沒有試圖重塑貨幣政策 — 至少目前沒有。但理論上,央行推行數字人民幣,將獲得三項新的權力:將利率降低到零以下;直接向最需要的人發放現金;更精確地看到誰有錢,以及如何花錢。

日前,央行在成都開始最新的概念試驗 。該銀行已經向那裡的居民發放了總計20萬張代金券,總值4020萬元人民幣,這些代金券可以在16天內在某些本地和在線零售商店使用。
政府官員的計劃是,到明年2月北京舉辦冬奧會時,將全面實施的國家電子貨幣。

[Sustainable Development: Digital Transition] China’s digital-currency experiment 

Nearly four out of every five transactions in China are conducted through mobile apps developed by technology companies. However, the country’s leaders believe that these large technology platforms have too much influence and so they are ready to launch the world’s first official e-currency.

The People’s Bank of China has been experimenting with the country’s digital currency. Such a mechanism would allow the government to transfer cash to the poor and underbanked more quickly, as well as giving the state more scrutiny over financial flows.

The People’s Bank of China, as the central bank, has not attempted to reshape monetary policy – at least not yet. But in theory, the central bank’s introduction of the digital renminbi (yuan) will give it three new powers: to lower interest rates below zero; issue cash directly to those most in need; and to see more precisely who has money and how it is spent.

Recently, the central bank started its latest concept trial in Chengdu. The bank has already distributed a total of 200,000 vouchers worth RMB 40.2 million to residents there, which can be used at certain local and online retail outlets within 16 days.
Government officials’ plan is to have a fully-implemented, national e-currency by the time the Winter Olympics are held in Beijing in February next year.

Source: “A bit of coin: China’s digital-currency experiment”, The Economist (adapted)

數字貨幣 digital currency

Read more

【國際HPV知曉日】

每年的今天(3月4日)是國際HPV知曉日。人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)是一種非常常見的病毒,目前約有170種類型的HPV被判別出來,分類為高危及低危型人類乳頭瘤病毒。持續感染高危型人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)會導致宮頸癌,宮頸癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,也是全球和我國面臨的主要公共衛生問題之一。

HPV感染主要是通過性生活感染,但性生活不是唯一的感染途徑。HPV也可以通過間接方式感染,例如接觸感染者的衣物、洗漱用品等。2018年我國宮頸癌发生病例約10萬例,約占全球新发病例17.5%,死亡病例有4.8萬例,相當於平均每5分鐘就有一名患者被診斷為宮頸癌,每10分鐘就有一名患者死於宮頸癌。近年來宮頸癌的发病率和死亡率持續上升,並呈現年輕化趨勢。因為大多數感染者沒有任何臨床症狀或體徵,如果不能通過早期篩查及時发現,等到病发轉移時人們通常已無力回天。2020年11月17日世界衛生組織啟動了《加速消除宮頸癌全球戰略》,全球194個國家首次承諾要消除這種癌症。

宮頸癌雖然兇猛,但它是目前发現的唯一一個病因明確並可控制的腫瘤,也是目前唯一可以通過接種疫苗預防的癌症。

根據世界衛生組織的宮頸癌防治策略來看,針對不同年齡段的女性需要使用不同的預防策略。對於9~13歲的女性來說,疫苗是最具成本效益比的工具;而對開始了性生活的女性,除了儘早打疫苗,也應定期作抹片檢測。此外,男性也可以接種HPV疫苗。許多人對接種疫苗和年齡存在許多疑問,但關於疫苗,一句話總結:早打比晚打好,打了比不打好。

願更多人,不管窮人富人,男人女人,都能有機會得到關於這個病毒的信息以及預防工具。

想了解更多更全面的HPV知識/疫苗答疑,可參考公眾號“丁香醫生”的這篇文章:https://wechat.dxy.cn/news/view?noshare=false&watermark=false&nocopy=false&email=false&simuri=%2Fjapi%2Fweixin%2Fnews%2F50353%2F1ewj44FrmO7pF%2Fdata&teamId=8

參考資料:

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UW99WvMbQz9ic6oQUfy7_Q?fbclid=IwAR01eS4a22KdkpzKxzLFuKpuufh3BdlrOjhiAQkP0LuxDIjYyrAZMWkqSNU

https://www.sohu.com/a/453940814_120914498?fbclid=IwAR23sJ2U3yWiz9x06N_ACGQCaaFgtVQE8H9epnJlKy5tnYmRm_1zFq1FLmA

https://www.fhs.gov.hk/tc_chi/health_info/faq/women_health/WH2_5_2.html?fbclid=IwAR0wDPnDy7MUwCKAKwERg4uUQvgpOfLzvEOXm8D3Xh-PfZfsYmqDzukCg-4

 

【International HPV Awareness Day】

Today (March 4) is the International HPV Awareness Day. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus. At present, about 170 types of HPV have been identified and classified as high-risk and low-risk human papillomaviruses. Continuous infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and it is also one of the major public health problems facing the world and our country.

HPV is mainly transmitted through sex, but sex is not the only way of transmission. HPV can also be transmitted indirectly. For example, in contact with the clothes and toiletries of an infected person can also get infected. In 2018, there were about 100,000 cases of cervical cancer in China, accounting for about 17.5% of global new cases, and 48,000 deaths, which was equivalent to an average of one patient being diagnosed with cervical cancer every 5 minutes and one died of cervical cancer every 10 minutes. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer have continued to rise, and it has also affected people in a younger age. Because most infected people do not have any clinical symptoms or signs, if HPV cannot be detected in time through early screening, it will be too late to treat. On November 17, 2020, the World Health Organization launched the “Global Strategy for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer”. For the first time, 194 countries across the world pledged to eliminate this cancer.

Although cervical cancer is fierce, it is currently the only tumor with a clear and controllable cause and the only cancer that can be prevented by vaccination.

According to the World Health Organization’s cervical cancer prevention and treatment strategy, women of different ages need to use different prevention strategies. For women between 9 and 13 years old, vaccines are the most cost-effective tool. For women who have started sex, in addition to getting the vaccine as soon as possible, regular testing is also needed. In addition, men can also be vaccinated against HPV. Many people have confusion about vaccination and the age, but here is the straight-forward summary: get vaccinated early is better than late, and vaccinated is better than not vaccinated.
Hopefully more people, no matter rich or poor, women or men, will have the opportunity to get information about HPV and the preventive tools.

For more comprehensive HPV knowledge/vaccine Q&A, please refer to this article of the public account “Doctor Lilac”: https://wechat.dxy.cn/news/view?noshare=false&watermark=false&nocopy=false&email=false&simuri=%2Fjapi%2Fweixin%2Fnews%2F50353%2F1ewj44FrmO7pF%2Fdata&teamId=8

Sources:

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UW99WvMbQz9ic6oQUfy7_Q?fbclid=IwAR01eS4a22KdkpzKxzLFuKpuufh3BdlrOjhiAQkP0LuxDIjYyrAZMWkqSNU

https://www.sohu.com/a/453940814_120914498?fbclid=IwAR23sJ2U3yWiz9x06N_ACGQCaaFgtVQE8H9epnJlKy5tnYmRm_1zFq1FLmA

https://www.fhs.gov.hk/tc_chi/health_info/faq/women_health/WH2_5_2.html?fbclid=IwAR0wDPnDy7MUwCKAKwERg4uUQvgpOfLzvEOXm8D3Xh-PfZfsYmqDzukCg-4

HPV 乳頭瘤

Read more